First of all, thank you to everyone who read my work for Flash Fiction Month! I don’t normally post my original fiction online for various reasons, but FFM is special. I will be taking down most (if not all) of my stories after August, so please read them while you have the chance!

We now return you to your regular book rants.

This review contains spoilers for To Sleep in a Sea of Stars by Christopher Paolini. I’ve written a quick chapter summary here.

A few years ago, I re-read one of my favorite books as a teenager: Eragon, by Christopher Paolini. While my fifteen-year-old self had loved it, adult me was very aware of its flaws. I determined that Paolini was great at worldbuilding and description, but wasn’t great at writing characters. Paolini was a teenager when Eragon was published, and still wet behind the ears when it came to his craft. It’s now been twenty years since Eragon first came out (cripes, I’m old!). In my review, I wondered what a novel by a more experienced Paolini might look like today.

Well, in 2020, we got our answer. And like most things from 2020, I didn’t like it.

I think I’m in the minority in this case, though. To Sleep got good reviews overall, and there are plenty of fans online who really like this book. I generally like sci-fi, but To Sleep just wasn’t for me.

To Sleep in a Sea of Stars is Paolini’s first adult novel, and his first science-fiction book. It’s a whopping 800+ pages of space, aliens, futuristic technology…and a decent amount of fantasy elements for an otherwise “hard”* sci-fi.

Before we get into the novel, I want to talk about the physical book itself. I don’t pay a ton of attention to how books are marketed, but its pretty obvious they were trying to sell this one on Paolini’s name alone. The spine only has “PAOLINI” on it. The title isn’t on there. It’s pretty common for popular authors to have their names featured prominently on book spines, sometimes in a larger font than the title. But they all still include the title.

With that said, let’s get into what’s between the covers. I have tried to get away from nit-picking books to death, I still have included one-sentence reviews/reactions to each chapter at the bottom of this post, because they’re too much fun for me not to do.

The plot is very dense, to the point where writing a spoiler-free review is kind of impossible. I wrote a companion post for this review, with brief (and hopefully humorous) summaries of each chapter for those who haven’t read the book, or read the book but forgot some of it. Can’t blame you there – there’s a lot.

To Sleep in a Sea of Stars is a galaxy-spanning saga of alien invasion, mysterious and powerful artifacts, and high-tech space battles. Kira Navarez is a xenobiologist who travels with a crew of scientists to uncolonized planets to see if they could be made habitable. After she falls into alien ruins on a mission, a complex piece of alien technology becomes attached to her. The xeno encases her body, and is eventually responsible for the death of most of her crewmates, including her fiancé, Alan.

Then things get complicated.

The story moves quickly, and has lots of twists and turns. In an interview that’s available in some editions of the book, Paolini said that he was essentially trying to write an entire series in the span of one novel. It justifies the length, and it really does feel like he’s managed to succeed in telling an epic story from beginning to end, without needing to break it into multiple parts.

There are things that I both liked and disliked about this. First, it kept the plot moving. In my posts about Eragon, I occasionally complained about filler chapters, but I don’t think there were any here. There were times when it was hard to put the book down because I wanted to know what happened next.

On the other hand, sometimes it moved too fast. It meant that I didn’t have time to get to know or care about the characters (often before they met, or nearly met, their dooms) in the start. There was also no room to breathe, especially in the beginning. Humans, both real and fictional, need time to rest. When we only see characters in a crisis – which was the majority of the book – we see how they react to the situations they’re in, but not necessarily who they are. Too often, the characters often felt like reaction, rather than fully fleshed out people. Paolini does a better job with character development than he has in his previous novels, but sometimes it felt forced, like a chapter where Kira systematically learns the backstories of all her crewmates.

Then there was the way the plot itself was constructed. As I mentioned, there are a lot of twists and unexpected events throughout. It keeps the story unpredictable, and the reader curious about how the characters will solve the newest curveball that’s been thrown their way.

But it also meant that some story arcs felt pointless, or like padding, once they concluded. For me, the most aggravating instance was when Kira and her new crew are searching for something called the Staff of Blue. No one is really sure what the Staff is, but Kira knows that it’s an important weapon that will help humanity combat the invading alien race nicknamed the “Jellies.” For more than 100 pages, Kira et al. search for the Staff, travel to a remote location to finally retrieve it, and engage in a deadly battle with the Jellies (and an even scarier creature, the Seeker). They find the Staff, but it’s broken in the battle and rendered useless.

Some readers might think, “holy crap! How will our heroes save the galaxy now?!” and read on feverishly. As for me, I was so frustrated that I just put the book down and refused to open it for two days. A “holy crap!” moment should make you want to read on, but I was annoyed that so much time had been devoted to something that ultimately had very little bearing on the actual plot.

This is also probably a good time to point out another issue I had with the book: excess. It seems a bit obvious when talking about an 800+ page book. Of course not every scene has to contribute to the overall story or character growth, but there were some spots that were just unnecessary. My first gripe with this was the character Inarë. Inarë is a refugee of the intergalactic war Kira inadvertently caused, and she and Kira meet on a ship taking refugees away from the fighting. Inarë is in the book for one or two scenes, described in a large amount of detail, and has a cat. She’s pretty weird and gives Kira cryptic advice about the journey ahead of her. Anyone who’s read Eragon could tell you that she’s pretty transparently Angela from that series, morphed into some sort of space witch. This isn’t just my assumption, either. Paolini even says so in the acknowledgements at the end of the book.

[T]hose of you who are fans of the Inheritance Cycle may have noticed some references to the series in To Sleep. You weren’t imagining things. And yes, Inarë is who you think she is.

As I mentioned in my post about The Ballad of Songbirds and Snakes, I don’t mind callbacks to an author’s previous works if it’s something small, or if it feeds into the plot later. However, Inarë has a few pages to herself, and except for her final words to Kira popping up occasionally, she had no overall bearing on the plot. In fact, the arc words that Inarë gives Kira (“Eat the path”) could have been said by nearly anyone in her crew and still have the same effect. When I see something like this, to me it feels more like fanservice and the author patting themselves on the back.

Towards the end of the book, I also wondered if a very large part of the plot was even necessary. There’s a subspecies of Jellies that the humans have to fight against, called “nightmares,” or the Corrupted. But there was already so much going on in the book without them. Space battles, ancient alien lore, a large cast of characters and almost non-stop action, reading about the nightmares and their progenitor monster, the Maw, was just exhausting. A book only about the humans and Jellies would have been interesting enough, but for me, this was too much.

It also suffered from the same ending fatigue present in movies like Return of the King. First, Kira kills the evil overlord of the Jellies. Then, she destroys the Maw. Then, she must go and destroy seven copies of the Maw. That’s seven copies that were never mentioned prior to any of the huge space battles in the climax of the book.

Then there are the appendices, which include the science behind faster-than-light travel and ship-to-ship combat in space, a timeline that covers over 500 years, and a glossary. Of all these, it’s the glossary that sticks in my craw. I complained about excess before, but there’s also the problem of absence of information, and the glossary exemplifies both.

I might start out by saying that I didn’t know that there was a glossary in the book at first, and I only found it by accident. I don’t think that there’s anything inherently bad having a glossary included in a fiction book, especially in sci-fi and fantasy stories. At the same time I was reading To Sleep, I was also reading Mastiff, by Tamora Pierce. Like To Sleep, Mastiff also has a glossary that defines the made-up words in the book, but you can also figure out what they mean in the context of the scene.

To Sleep‘s glossary doesn’t work like that. There are times when it feels like the reader was expected to have read it before starting the book.** This is best exemplified in the case of the “ship mind.” There’s almost no context for what a ship mind actually is for the first two-thirds of the book. As I read it, I was so confused about what ship minds actually were. Were they complex AI? Human-AI hybrids? Until I accidentally found the glossary, I had no idea. It turns out that ship minds are essentially augmented human brains, removed from their bodies, that sit in sarcophagi on board their ships, overseeing all the ship’s functions. This is such a huge thing, and totally different from anything I had imagined. Props to Paolini for originality, and for my new nightmares. But I really shouldn’t have had to accidentally find a glossary or wait until the near-climax of the book to see a reference to a sarcophagus housing a human brain sitting in a nutrient bath.

To Sleep takes great care to show the reader how things like faster-than-light travel and combat in outer space are possible. At the same time, it also uses a lot of fantasy tropes. I know, I know: “any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic.” And I can buy that when it’s something like two humans from a highly advanced technological civilization using highly advanced technology to blow up aliens and glibly referring to it as “magic.” It becomes harder for me to take when the xeno attached to Kira becomes able to do almost everything and anything. Kira first used it as a weapon and armor, but by the end of the book, she uses it heal characters with devastating wounds and build entire living space stations.

Drawing upon the Seed’s banks of encoded knowledge, she began to build the needed machines, constructing them from the atomic level up. With energy gathered from the panels, she sparked a burning sun inside herself: a fusion reactor large enough to drive the biggest UMC battleship. With energy from the artificial star, she started to manufacture antimatter–far more than the inefficient techniques of the humans or the Wranaui allowed for. The Old Ones had mastered the means of antimatter production before either species had even come into being.

p. 791

Even though this takes place after the second (sigh) major battle of the climax, it’s still quite a lot to take in.

That paragraph also shows another fantasy trope present in the novel. You probably noticed a reference to the “Old Ones.” The Old Ones were a sentient species that predate the existence of humans and the Jellies. They made the xeno that attached itself to Kira, along with the Staff of Blue, and the Great Beacons, which gave humanity a huge leap forward, technologically speaking. In other words: all that sufficiently advanced technology came from a species that was at least over 300,000 years old.

I don’t mind the “old stuff is more powerful” trope in fantasy works. It can be a bit tiresome at times, but it usually fits with the setting and the feel of the story. Ancient artifacts and mysterious ruins are part and parcel for fantasy stories. Sci-fi (especially “hard” sci-fi) is more focused on technology and what could be if any number of events or scientific discoveries occur. Sci-fi focuses on the future: how technology and/or societal changes have changed our lives, for better or for worse. A book like To Sleep should be one that dreams of humanity reaching the stars – and much more – through its own ingenuity and innovation. Relying on ancient artifacts from a vanished civilization doesn’t feel like it’s reaching out into the future. It makes it feel like all of humanity’s achievements are small, and that there’s no way they could ever create what the Old Ones have.

Throughout my review of Eragon, I had to compliment Paolini on his descriptive abilities, as well as his world building. As before, the worldbuilding is thorough, and it really does feel like he’s created a whole galaxy full of humans and aliens. The characterization could be weak at times, but the crew of the Wallfish all had distinct personalities that made them stand out. Falconi was probably my favorite character, but I had trouble getting to know who Kira was as a person.

I know I can focus too much on the negative, but I actually really did like the aliens in this book. In fiction, it’s common to have sentient, non-human races look and act quite…human. The Jellies only resembled humans in that some of them were bipedal. They’re sea-based creatures inspired by octopi, complete with tentacles that can change color. The Jellies are genderless and have a hive mind, which has been used to control them. They communicate using smells, called nearscent. They have vastly different lifecycles than humans, from birth to death. In short, they’re an alien species that feels refreshingly alien. While the book sometimes felt like it was bloated, the story moved fast, and changed in ways I didn’t predict.

Overall, I did like some of To Sleep – but not enough to pick up the next book in the series, Fractal Noise.

_{*The quotation marks aren’t meant to be pejorative. I don’t like the terms “hard” and “soft” to describe sci-fi, but I’m using it in this post because it’s easily understandable. Read more on the debate between “hard” and “soft” sci-fi at Tor.com
**Not recommended. This was how I accidentally spoiled what the Staff of Blue was for myself.}

If you want more nit-picking, read on for (mostly) one-sentence chapter reviews. Lots of spoilers follow.

• Chapter 1: A chapter centered around a romantic relationship, and I’m not at all convinced Paolini can write romance.
• Chapter 2: I’m really trying to avoid comparing this book to Mass Effect, but let me have this chapter.
• Chapter 3: Paolini’s love affair with thesauri continues, though isn’t as prevalent here than his Eragon books.
• Chapter 4: I didn’t know enough about any of these characters, even Alan, to be sad when they died.
• Chapter 5: Kira’s character is still made up of her reactions to things, rather than actual personality, but I’m finally getting into this book.
• Chapter 6: Okay, I’ll admit it, I’m enjoying this.
• Chapter 7: So far I’m not liking Kira, but I am excited for the the pew-pew space battles I’ve been waiting for.
• Chapter 8: I understand that Kira is scared, but give us a moment to feel SOMETHING about what it’s like to be flung out in space.
• Chapter 9: Really didn’t need a paragraph dedicated to a woman inspecting her vagina, thanks.
• Chapter 10: Kira is just kind of numb, which is disappointing, because I was hoping to get some fantastic descriptions of space flight, but instead I just get blah.
• Chapter 11: So…are ship’s minds humans or AI or what?
• Chapter 12: I think Inare is supposed to be an interesting character, but she’s just a clone of Angela from Eragon, complete with cat.
• Chapter 13: Another instance that had the possibility of being heartbreaking, except Kira is just worried about…who will find her attractive after all the trauma she’s gone through. #MenWritingWomen
• Chapter 14: The Soft Blade is responsible for the death of Kira’s fiancé and crewmates, but Kira never seems conflicted about her gratitude towards it for keeping her alive.
• Chapter 15: Sparrow jumping into action to save a kid is heroic, but I don’t know enough about any of these characters to care if they live or die.
• Chapter 16: It’s clear that Hwa-Jung takes her job seriously and knows the risks of their current situation, so she should not be arguing with the captain about repairing the ship pronto.
• Chapter 17: Paolini forgot about his love affair with the thesaurus and has begun a love affair with parentheses.
• Chapter 18: I think the Entropists are pretty cool so far, but their shared dialogue is really annoying.
• Chapter 19: I don’t know what a construct is any more than I know what a ship’s mind is.
• Chapter 20: According to the characters, Kira can do no wrong, even after she’s done a lot of wrong.
• Chapter 21: Kira was a biologist long before she was part of this story; she should be pissed that the Wallfish crew effectively destroyed an entire planet’s ecosystem, not amused.
• Chapter 22: It just really seems like a bad idea to me to routinely send every member on a spaceship into cyro.
• Chapter 23: Kira’s grief over the death of her fiance was barely present to begin with, but now it’s just been hand-waved away.
• Chapter 24: Why the hell is anyone letting a teenager go on a potentially dangerous alien planet, when there are actual space marines who are much better equipped and qualified to do this mission?
• Chapter 25: All right, I’m here for planetary exploration!
• Chapter 26: And now the Entropists are doing actual magic.
• Chapter 27: One thing that bugs me: there’s never any room to breathe in this book, and the action points are all the same. Solved something? Jellies attack! Go to a new planet? Another attack!
• Chapter 28: This is just trippy.
• Chapter 29: If the nightmares were created from the Jellies only about six months before, why are the nightmare ships so much better than the Jelly ships?
• Chapter 30: Falconi’s advice to a shattered Kira: stop feeling guilty about this intergalactic war that you started. And Kira just…does. No struggle to get over it, no lingering guilt. Owning it and trying to fix it is far more heroic than going, “I broke everything and I don’t feel bad about it.”
• Chapter 31: This is frustrating and Kira is frustrating.
• Chapter 32: Kira and co. have every reason to dislike the UMC, but the UMC also has every reason to arrest and quarantine them.
• Chapter 33: So…the Soft Blade can just be used to make vehicles now? And grow to ridiculous sizes?
• Chapter 34: Can’t say I didn’t see Gregorovitch going off the deep end coming, but for awhile I thought it would be a lot build of about his mental state for nothing.
• Chapter 35: This is the first time the reader gets a clear indication of what a ship mind actually is, without looking in the glossary.
• Chapter 36: I like the Jellies/Wranuai as a species, though I’ve never been a fan of “hive minds” when it comes to fictional species.
• Chapter 37: And now the Soft Blade can fix neural damage, because of course it can. Sex between Kira and Falconi wasn’t unexpected, but it was unintentionally funny for me to read.
• Chapter 38: Got one big evil alien you need to destroy? That’s not enough, let’s add ANOTHER final boss to the mix!
• Chapter 39: Ctein is…kind of cool, actually.
• Chapter 40: The fight between Ctein and Kira is ridiculous and cinematic, and I liked it for that. Embracing the enormity of fighting a huge monster in outer space.
• Chapter 41: I would like Kira’s unconventional defeat of the Maw via forgiveness much better if the theme of forgiveness or compassion was anywhere else in the book.
• Chapter 42: This chapter is so cool that I can ignore how annoyed I am that Kira is basically a god now for a little bit.
• Chapter 43: This book could have ended twice already, but now Kira has to save the day from seven other big bads that were never mentioned before. If you really wanted a third villain to show (again) that Kira is all-powerful, why not have her face off against the deadly and nigh-indestructible Seeker, who got loose ages ago?
• Chapter 44: All powerful Kira is uninteresting and it ruins her character development.
• Chapter 45: Fucking WHAT?! You tack on one final problem for God Kira to solve and it doesn’t even end? No actual conclusion about the seven extras Maws? It just ENDS?!